EU Energy Security Plan as a Key Point of Independence in International Relations

Karasova Natalia (2021) EU Energy Security Plan as a Key Point of Independence in International Relations. Külkereskedelmi Kar.

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

This research examined the role of energy security in EU international relations and its dependency on the other countries. Specifically, the level of implementation of European Green Deal Plan, its impact on the other countries and perspectives of energy diplomacy. A special place was given to assessing the complex legal framework of the four Energy Packages. The level of implementation of renewable energy sources was studied, and main external threats were identified. Subsequently, role-changing consequences on the international political arena were studied. Moreover, this study provided an outlook on perspectives of European international relations. In Chapter 1, the research questions and hypothesis were outlined along with the methods used in the thesis. We learned that scholars view energy security and energy diplomacy from various perspectives. The main approaches to the understanding of definition were determined. This study provided an outlook on different issues related to economic and energy security considered in the works of European and foreign scientists, in particular: Andreas Goldthau, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Martin Russell, Ahmed Elbassoussy, Manuel Welsch, Tim Boersma, Thomas G. Weyman-Jones, Kacper Szulecki, Henry Alfred Kissinger, K.H. Yu, H. Zhao Saligin, Azamat Tekeev, Leonid Abalkin and others. In Chapter 2, the current situation of the energy sector of the EU was investigated.  The primary energy consumption and production countries and level of high European energy dependency were identified. The negative impact of the EU economy's high dependency on a single supplier of oil and gas, which is reducing the competitiveness of the industry and other related business sectors globally, was stated. The main projects for the transportation of energy resources, which are Turkish Stream I – II, Nord Stream II, EUGAL, Baltic Gas Pipeline and Polish LNG projects, were outlined. The formation of the energy market of the EU can be divided into five stages by legal directives and regulation that were formed in packages and approved by European Commission. The main task of the "first energy package" was - as much competition as possible, as much regulation as necessary. The results of the "first energy package" were insufficient to achieve the goals of liberalisation of the electricity and gas market in the European Union. The second stage was characterised by a systematic approach and application of the principle of solidarity in the implementation of energy security policy. The First and Second Energy Packages laid the foundations for the formation of the internal energy market as the primary tool for ensuring the security of energy and gas supply. In 2009, the European Parliament approved the Third Package of EU Energy Legislation to ensure fuller liberalisation of the energy market, especially in the electricity and gas sectors. The fourth energy package aimed to create the most transparent scheme of interaction between EU institutions, national authorities, energy companies and investors. In addition, each EU member state developed a national plan for integrated energy and environmental development, with regular reporting on progress.  The further development of the legal framework for the integrated European energy market has been reflected in the provisions of the European Energy Security Strategy for the period from 2020 to 2030, as an integral part of the Climate and Energy Policy Framework. In 2020, for the first time in the European Union, the energy produced from wind, solar, hydropower and biomass exceeded energy produced from traditional sources (fossil fuels). Such a tendency positively impacts EU energy security.  Since the EU has a high-level dependency from the other countries, making Europe climate-neutral could entirely change the economy and the way the EU negotiates with other countries. The EU has enough legal framework and resources to make itself independent from the supplying countries. It is highly possible that European Green Plan will reach its goal by 2030 and greatly affect the fossil fuel market. Minimizing external threats, the EU will likely get a self-sufficient, stable market.  In Chapter 3, the research found how the experience of EU energy dependency impacted its decision-making. The analysis of consequences of the "European Green Deal" and perspectives of European international relations was provided. Russian military intervention in Ukraine and other countries lead to the point where the EU had to impose sanctions. However, due to dependency from its energy sources, it led to the conflict situation with Nord-Stream 2. Energy trading brings an enormous amount of money to supplying countries and in case of countries with a high level of corruptions (mainly third world countries), such trading finances corruption, terrorism and oppression. The EU's ability to secure further gas deposits in Algeria drives it to support the silencing and disenfranchisement. The acts of ministers and civil servants from various EU countries (France, Spain, and Italy) show a similar contempt for Algerian privileges and freedoms. The prospect of new demonstrations in Iran, similar to the 2009 anti-government protests, has risen as a result of regional events. Internal divisions in Iran and interruptions in energy supply affecting the EU. Consequently, the EU has always a choice between repression from the government and fundamental human right support. As the result of the European Green Deal plan, there will be appalling consequences for oil and gas main exporters, such as Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iraq and others. Analyzing the past experience of EU and legislation with the goals, it can be concluded that diversification of energy routes would not bring Europe stability and independence. Only wise construction of supply and storage of energy resources through developing renewable energy sources will strengthen the role of the EU as a global economic and political leader. The EU often imposes sanctions over severe violations of human rights around the world. However, often this is not enough. Energy independence is of the utmost importance in the field of security and the key factor in international negotiation. Making the EU more self-sufficient will put away a question of energy from the factors of international influence. The EU has the potential to become a world leader in the energy transition. One of the EU's greatest assets is its 450 million-strong domestic economy. The need to stringent environmental regulations as criteria for entry to the EU market provides a clear motivation for exporting countries to green their manufacturing processes. Furthermore, the EU has the potential to become a standard-setter in the emerging hydrogen industry. The EU could lay the groundwork for a foreign hydrogen market focused on EU requirements by rapidly establishing a benchmark for euro-denominated hydrogen trades. Furthermore, it could attempt to strengthen the euro's position in the renewable energy trade.

Intézmény

Budapesti Gazdasági Egyetem

Kar

Külkereskedelmi Kar

Tanszék

Nemzetközi Kapcsolatok Tanszék

Tudományterület/tudományág

NEM RÉSZLETEZETT

Szak

Nemzetközi Tanulmányok

Mű típusa:	diplomadolgozat (NEM RÉSZLETEZETT)
Kulcsszavak:	energy diplomacy, energy security, EU energy dependency, EU international relations, EU security, European Green Deal Plan, renewable energy sources
SWORD Depositor:	Archive User
Felhasználói azonosító szám (ID):	Archive User
Rekord készítés dátuma:	2021. Szep. 23. 10:56
Utolsó módosítás:	2022. Okt. 06. 12:50
URI:	http://dolgozattar.uni-bge.hu/id/eprint/37672

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