Evaluating the Impact of the Renewable Energy Directive on EU Member States

Lovas Alexandra (2025) Evaluating the Impact of the Renewable Energy Directive on EU Member States. Külkereskedelmi Kar.

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

Over the past two decades, the European Union's renewable energy policy has gradually become a central element in the implementation of the Community's climate and energy policy objectives. The three versions of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED) aim to increase the share of renewable energy sources in the EU Member States' energy mix in line with uniform guidelines, thereby contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, improving energy security, and stimulate economic and technological innovation. The aim of this thesis is to examine the extent to which the RED directives have contributed to the achievement of these objectives, the results achieved at Member State level, and the factors influencing the success of implementation. The research methodology combines qualitative and secondary elements. The thesis is based on an extensive review of the literature, EU policy documents, statistical data and Member States' energy policy strategies. This is complemented by a detailed case study from Germany, which has gained significant experience in the integration of renewable energy within the framework of the Energiewende, one of the best-known energy transition models. In addition to secondary sources, primary data was also collected. Three interviews were conducted with stakeholders knowledgeable about energy policy and renewable energy, who enriched the analysis with their own insights, criticisms and ideas for the future. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that the RED directives have played a key role in the EU-wide spread of renewable energy sources. Between 2004 and 2023, the share of renewables in the EU increased significantly, especially in electricity generation. At the same time, there are significant differences between Member States in terms of both their starting positions and the pace of progress. The Scandinavian and Baltic countries, as well as Austria and Portugal, are leading the way, while several Central, Eastern and Southern European countries, including Belgium and Luxembourg, are lagging behind. The case study of Germany highlights that even the most committed countries face serious challenges, such as infrastructure bottlenecks, maintaining public support and financing the technological transition. The thesis concludes that, although the RED directives have given a significant boost to the uptake of renewables, the achievement of the 2030 and 2050 targets remains uncertain. Institutional and structural barriers, differences between Member States and sectoral lagging indicate that further coordinated policy, financial and societal efforts are needed. Future success will largely depend on the EU's ability to develop more flexible implementation mechanisms that take into account Member States' specificities, while maintaining commitment to common objectives.

Intézmény

Budapesti Gazdasági Egyetem

Kar

Külkereskedelmi Kar

Tanszék

Nemzetközi Kapcsolatok Tanszék

Tudományterület/tudományág

NEM RÉSZLETEZETT

Szak

Nemzetközi tanulmányok (angol)

Mű típusa:	diplomadolgozat (NEM RÉSZLETEZETT)
Kulcsszavak:	energiapolitika, EU tagállamok, European Union, Európai Unió, környezetvédelmi irányelvek, megújuló erőforrások, Németország, renewable energy
SWORD Depositor:	User Archive
Felhasználói azonosító szám (ID):	User Archive
Rekord készítés dátuma:	2025. Okt. 27. 14:28
Utolsó módosítás:	2025. Okt. 27. 14:28

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