Hungary's Energy Import Exposure, Natural Gas Supply Security, and Possible Solutions for It

Jánó Tamás (2023) Hungary's Energy Import Exposure, Natural Gas Supply Security, and Possible Solutions for It. Külkereskedelmi Kar.

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

<p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;"></p><p><span lang="EN-GB">In the 21st century, access to energy is taken for granted by society, and Hungary is not an exemption either. However, most of the end users are not familiar with the methods and ideas behind these basic commodities. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Natural gas belongs to the group of non-renewable fossil energy sources, just like crude oil or coal. These fossil fuels account for 80% of the world's energy, which is tremendous. The share of natural gas in the case of world primary energy in 2021 was 24% according to British Petrol <span lang="HU">(bp. p.l.c, 2021)</span>. It means that natural gas covers almost a quarter of the entire world's primary energy demand. That is why this topic is so important, not only in the context of the world but Hungary as well. <span lang="EN-GB">Moreover, in the context of Hungary, during the past 20 years, the proportion of natural gas is the highest among the primary energy sources, namely coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear power. It fluctuates between 30 and 38% of the whole energy mix. In 2021 it reached 34 percent, moreover, in 2003 it even passed 45% <span lang="HU">(Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, 2021)</span>. Just a comparison: the share of natural gas in Germany’s primary energy mix was only 26,6%, and our neighbour, Slovakia’s is 27,9%<span lang="HU">&nbsp;(Ritchie, Roser, &amp; Rosado, 2022)</span>. At the same time, Hungary’s settlement and household connectivity to natural gas sources are extremely high</span>, almost 73%. At the same time, the European Union average barely reaches 40%.&nbsp;</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">The actions of the previous years showed that the safety of supplies and high exposure to producing countries carries huge dangers for the European Union and Hungary as well. Central-Eastern Europe is in the worst situation as of exposure to Russian imports, mainly due to historical and lack of supply factors. In 2020 Gazprom provided 99% of Slovakia's yearly gas demand and 84,7% of Hungary's demand. Also, before 2022, 55% of Germany's gas imports came from Russia as well<span lang="HU">&nbsp;(Csallóközi, Európai Földgázszállító Rendszerek, 2022)</span>. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Data like this may give the reader an insight that the members of the European Union, and as a member, Hungary are eager to diversify their natural gas import sources, to lower their energy security exposure. But how can it be solved in such a short notice?</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">&nbsp;In my research I would like to answer the question, why is Hungary importing so much from a limited number of import sources, also not trying to produce more? What are the barriers, or maybe the solutions to these challenges? Do these difficult circumstances act as a catalyst to quicker transmission towards more sustainable primary energy resources? What might be the role of the Hungarian Oil and Gas Companys' role in this process? How would these changes impact the Hungarian economy?</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">Another aspect is the role of the European Union. How will the European decision-makers and policies enhance a faster shift in energy policies, and how the Union intends to help member states in this process? What is the role of the Russian-Ukrainian war in this situation? Let’s find out together.</span></p><br><p></p>

Intézmény

Budapesti Gazdasági Egyetem

Kar

Külkereskedelmi Kar

Tanszék

Nemzetközi Gazdaságtan Tanszék

Tudományterület/tudományág

NEM RÉSZLETEZETT

Szak

Nemzetközi gazdálkodás

Konzulens(ek)

Mű típusa:	diplomadolgozat (NEM RÉSZLETEZETT)
Kulcsszavak:	diversification, energy security, Hungary, import, import expsure, natural gas
SWORD Depositor:	Archive User
Felhasználói azonosító szám (ID):	Archive User
Rekord készítés dátuma:	2023. Szep. 07. 14:30
Utolsó módosítás:	2023. Szep. 07. 14:30

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