Hungary's Energy Import Exposure, Natural Gas Supply Security, and Possible Solutions for It

Jánó Tamás (2023) Hungary's Energy Import Exposure, Natural Gas Supply Security, and Possible Solutions for It. Külkereskedelmi Kar.

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Absztrakt (kivonat)

In the 21st century, access to energy is taken for granted bysociety, and Hungary is not an exemption either. However, most of the end usersare not familiar with the methods and ideas behind these basic commodities. Natural gas belongs to the group of non-renewable fossil energysources, just like crude oil or coal. These fossil fuels account for 80% of theworld's energy, which is tremendous. The share of natural gas in the case ofworld primary energy in 2021 was 24% according to British Petrol (bp. p.l.c, 2021). It means thatnatural gas covers almost a quarter of the entire world's primary energydemand. That is why this topic is so important, not only in the context of theworld but Hungary as well. Moreover, in the context of Hungary, during the past 20 years, the proportion of natural gas is the highestamong the primary energy sources, namely coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclearpower. It fluctuates between 30 and 38% of the whole energy mix. In 2021 itreached 34 percent, moreover, in 2003 it even passed 45% (Központi Statisztikai Hivatal, 2021).Just a comparison: the share of natural gas in Germany’s primary energy mix wasonly 26,6%, and our neighbour, Slovakia’s is 27,9%(Ritchie, Roser, & Rosado, 2022). At the same time, Hungary’ssettlement and household connectivity to natural gas sources are extremely high, almost 73%. At the same time, the European Union average barely reaches 40%.The actions of the previous years showed that the safety of suppliesand high exposure to producing countries carries huge dangers for the EuropeanUnion and Hungary as well. Central-Eastern Europe is in the worst situation asof exposure to Russian imports, mainly due to historical and lack of supplyfactors. In 2020 Gazprom provided 99% of Slovakia's yearly gas demand and 84,7%of Hungary's demand. Also, before 2022, 55% of Germany's gas imports came fromRussia as well(Csallóközi, Európai Földgázszállító Rendszerek, 2022).Data like this may give the reader an insight that the members ofthe European Union, and as a member, Hungary are eager to diversify their natural gas importsources, to lower their energy security exposure. But how can it be solved insuch a short notice?In my research I would liketo answer the question, why is Hungary importing so much from a limited number of import sources, also not trying toproduce more? What are the barriers, or maybe the solutions to thesechallenges? Do these difficult circumstances act as a catalyst to quickertransmission towards more sustainable primary energy resources? What might bethe role of the Hungarian Oil and Gas Companys' role in this process? How wouldthese changes impact the Hungarian economy?Another aspect is the role of the European Union. How will theEuropean decision-makers and policies enhance a faster shift in energypolicies, and how the Union intends to help member states in this process? Whatis the role of the Russian-Ukrainian war in this situation? Let’s find outtogether.

Intézmény

Budapesti Gazdasági Egyetem

Kar

Külkereskedelmi Kar

Tanszék

Nemzetközi Gazdaságtan Tanszék

Tudományterület/tudományág

NEM RÉSZLETEZETT

Szak

Nemzetközi gazdálkodás

Mű típusa:	diplomadolgozat (NEM RÉSZLETEZETT)
Kulcsszavak:	diversification, energy security, Hungary, import, import expsure, natural gas
SWORD Depositor:	Archive User
Felhasználói azonosító szám (ID):	Archive User
Rekord készítés dátuma:	2023. Szep. 07. 14:30
Utolsó módosítás:	2023. Szep. 07. 14:30

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